• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece (by means of a tool for generating a modification of the surface geometry of the active surface of the workpiece), in particular by a hard fine machining process, in particular by milling or honing. By means of targeted generation of a modification of the tool, it is achieved that a modification, in particular a profile modification or waviness, is generated on the active surface of the workpiece machined with it. ((The modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear wheel flank in the rolling pattern has a constant value in a first direction (G C1) of the workpiece, while in a second direction (G C2) of the workpiece which runs perpendicular to the first direction, by a Function f (x) is given. The modification of the surface geometry necessary for this on the workpiece has a constant value in the rolling pattern in a first direction (G C1) of the tool, while in a second direction (G C2) of the tool which is perpendicular to the first Direction runs through the same function f (x), possibly linearly compressed by a factor c.) The invention further relates to a gear cutting machine for carrying out the method, a gear cutting machine for modified dressing of a grinding worm and a computer program product for installation on a gear cutting machine .
    公开号:CH715895B1
    申请号:CH00545/18
    申请日:2013-03-22
    公开日:2020-08-31
    发明作者:Hansjörg Geiser Dr；Würfel Robert
    申请人:Liebherr Verzahntech Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece by means of a tool for generating a modification of the surface geometry of the active surface of the workpiece.
    In noise-critical applications in highly loaded transmissions, topologically corrected gears with modified surface structure are increasingly being used. The noise behavior of known gears is significantly influenced by the excitation from the intended toothing. This influence of the gear geometry on the excitation behavior is explained by certain main geometry parameters, such as profile and step overlap, as well as by the shape of the tooth flank topology. In addition, even even slight manufacturing deviations from the fixed tooth flank topology can have a disadvantageous effect on the excitation behavior.
    At present, efforts are being made to optimize the excitation behavior with targeted edge corrections in order to improve the noise behavior of certain types of transmission.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a person skilled in the art with a method for machining a workpiece to produce a modification of the surface geometry of the active surface of the workpiece, which in particular involves a profile or flank modification,generated on the active surface of the workpiece machined with it or an undesired modification modified or prevented.
    [0005] This object is achieved by a method for manufacturing a workpiece according to claim 1 or claim 7. Further advantageous embodiments of the method are the subject matter of the subsequent dependent claims.
    The invention comprises a method for machining a workpiece, in particular by generating grinding or gear honing, in which a modification, in particular a profile or flank modification, on the active surface of the machined, in particular ground or, by means of targeted modification of the surface geometry of the tool honed workpiece is generated.
    In particular, the preferably designed as a forming roller dresser for the tool can be controlled so that the tool surface, especially the grinding or honing tool, receives a corresponding modification that generates a comparable surface geometry on the machined workpiece in a subsequent machining process.
    The modified surface geometry of the tool is particularly suitable for grinding or honing cylindrical face and / or helical gears with corrected tooth geometry and modified surface structure. These corrections can be superimposed on the corrective movements as they correspond to the state of the art in hard fine machining of gears. This applies e.g. also for crowned or conical teeth such as Bevelold toothing.
    In particular, the tool is a grinding worm or a honing ring or an externally toothed honing tool, the surface structure of which is dressed and profiled using a method according to the prior art.
    One way to generate modifications in the machined workpieces is to modify the surface of the tool specifically during the dressing and profiling process so that the desired surface geometry is generated in the workpieces machined with it or an existing undesired surface geometry is prevented.
    In the following formulas, the appliesIndex 1 = toolIndex 2 = workpiece
    In particular, the desired modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear wheel flank in the rolling pattern can have a constant value at least locally in a first direction (GC1) of the workpiece, and in a second direction (GC2) of the workpiece, which is perpendicular to the first direction ( GC1) can be given by a function f (x).
    In particular, the first direction (GC1) and the function f (x) can be specified, for example to define a desired modification or to compensate for a measured, undesired modification.
    In this case, according to the invention, a modification of the surface geometry of the tool can be used to produce this modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece, which in the rolling pattern in a first direction (GC1) of the tool also has a constant value at least locally.
    A modification of the surface geometry of the tool is preferably used which, in a second direction of the tool, which runs perpendicular to the first direction (GC1), at least locally by the same function f (cx), optionally linearly compressed by a factor c given is.
    The geometry of the workpiece and the tool in a first embodiment in the rolling pattern can be described not only locally and / or a partial area of the rolling pattern, but also globally by the formulas given above. In this case, the lines along which the modification has a constant value each form a straight line over the entire rolling pattern or, in the case of slight deviations, can be approximated by such a line.
    Alternatively, however, it can be provided that the line along which the modification has a constant value does not form a straight line in the workpiece and / or in the tool, but is curved and / or has several partial areas which do not extend in a straight line to one another. In this case, however, according to the invention, the rolling pattern can be approximated locally at least at one point by the above-described formulas, and preferably along the line or in partial areas in each case locally approximated by the above-described formulas. Possibly. The function f () can have a different form for different areas along such a line.
    [0018] If necessary the rolling pattern must then be composed of several sub-areas described by the formulas according to the invention.
    The modification of the surface geometry is preferably defined with the formula:f (2 * pi / lambda2 * cos (psi2) * L2- 2 * pi / lambda2 * sin (psi2) * b2)
    In this case, f is a real-valued function that does not have to be periodic. For example, to generate ripples, f = sin can be chosen. The angle psi2 defines the direction of a straight line (GC2) on the gear flank on which the modification has a constant value. Along the straight line in every other direction, the modification has a form of f ().
    Depending on the direction, it is compressed to different degrees along the straight line. The compression is maximal on the straight line perpendicular to GC2 (the wavelength is minimal in the case of waviness).
    [0022] The factor:2 * pi / lambda2determines the compression of the modification along the straight line perpendicular to GC2.
    For waviness, lambda2 corresponds to the wavelength along the straight line perpendicular to GC2. For the straight line along a constant gear width, the compression is:2 * pi / lambda2 * cos (psi2)(with ripples the wavelength is lambda2 / cos (psi2)),for straight lines along a constant pitch length the compression is:2 * pi / lambda2 * sin (psi2)(For ripples, the wavelength is lambda2 / sin (psi2)).
    As already explained above, these formulas also apply at least locally and / or in a partial area of the rolling pattern, but in a particularly simple case globally.
    By dressing the tool (worm, honing wheel / ring) with a shaping roller, a modification, in particular the modification of the workpiece described above, can be produced on the tool surface. This can be achieved by one or more of the following corrections of the axis movements to the conventional dressing kinematics.<tb> a) <SEP> Variation of the center distance of the dresser to the tool depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (infeed)<tb> b) <SEP> Variation of the axial feed of the tool or the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (shifting)<tb> c) <SEP> Variation of the axis cross angle of the tool and the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (swiveling)<tb> d) <SEP> Variation of the tool speed depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width
    In particular, the form roller can be in contact with the tooth of the tool during dressing from the foot area to the head area, so that the modification takes place over the entire tooth height in one stroke.
    Alternatively, the form roller during dressing can only be in contact with the tooth of the tool in partial areas between the foot and head, so that the modification over the entire tooth height in several strokes (movement of the dressing roller in the tool axis direction) and each different relative positioning of the dresser he follows.
    A modification of the shapef (2 * pi / lambda1 * cos (psi1) * L1- 2 * pi / lambda1 * sin (psi1) * b1)can be generated on the tool by dressing with a form roller, since the contact line between the dresser and the tool, shown in a rolling path-width diagram, is approximately a straight line. This straight line defines the straight line GC1 (and thus the angle psi1), since the corrections of the dressing kinematics have approximately the same effect on all points that lie along Gci and are thus dressed at the same time. During dressing, the contact line moves along the tooth flank in the width direction.
    If, on the other hand, the line of contact of the dresser and the tool deviates significantly from a straight line, the formula given above only applies locally or in partial areas of the line of contact. Possibly. the rolling pattern must then be composed of several sub-areas described by the formulas according to the invention.
    If the dressing kinematics are varied so that they are a modification of the shapef (- 2 * pi / lambda1 * sin (psi1) * b1)along the contact line on the tool, the desired modification is created via the flank of the tool.
    Such a modification can be overlaid with other modifications (e.g. crowning) when dressing the tool.
    If two involute spur gears mesh at crossed shaft angles, the flanks only touch at one point.In the rolling path-width diagram, the contact points each move on a straight line (G1 and G2). Does the tool have a modification of thef (2 * pi / lambda1 * cos (psi1) * L1- 2 * pi / lambda1 * sin (psi1) * b1)so, as discussed above, a point on G1 sees a modification of the form f (). The compression of the modification depends on lambda1 and psi1 and the direction G1.
    Each point on G1 maps its modification to the corresponding point on G2ab. A modification of the shape f () along G2 is thus also produced on the workpiece. Their compression depends on lambda1, psi1, and the directions of G1 and G2.
    The directions can be influenced both via the macro-geometry of the tool (number of threads / number of teeth, basic module, basic helix angle) and also via the respective axial feeds (shift movement). By choosing these parameters correctly, the upsetting of f () along G2 can be adjusted so that it corresponds to the desired modification on the workpiece.
    In particular, the macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of action of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shirt movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are chosen so that the modification of the tool along a Line G1, on which the point of contact moves when machining the workpiece on the tool, corresponds to the desired modification of the workpiece along a line G2, on which the point of contact moves on the workpiece.
    This corresponds to the requirement that the parameters of the method are chosen so that the arguments of the function f () on the lines G1 and G2 in the points that touch during processing have the same phase position.
    In particular, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected accordingly with a given macro geometry of the tool and the line of engagement of the dressing tool.
    It is particularly preferred to work with an axial feed of the workpiece, usually otherwise specified by the machining process, while the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are selected to meet the above-mentioned condition.
    A constant value of the axial feed with respect to the workpiece rotation and / or a constant value of the shift movement with respect to the tool rotation can be selected.
    During the process, each tooth of the workpiece repeatedly comes into engagement with the same gear / tooth of the tool. Due to the axial feed, other points always touch each other. It must be ensured that with every intervention, the modification on the worm corresponds to the desired modification on the gear. It is sufficient to ensure this for the first subsequent procedure and then only for one point of contact. To do this, the macro geometry of the tool and the axial feed rates can again be adapted.
    In particular, the macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of action of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected so that the modifications of the tool and the Workpiece also correspond along lines G1 'and G2', on which the points of contact move when machining the same tooth of the workpiece with the same gear of the tool at a later point in the machining process, these lines being determined by the axial feed of the workpiece and possibly . are shifted by shifting the tool in relation to the lines G1 and G2.
    In this case, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c is preferably selected again with a given macro geometry of the tool and the line of engagement of the dressing tool.
    In addition, it is particularly preferable for the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c to be selected accordingly for a given axial feed of the workpiece.
    Since there is a linear relationship between the rolling patterns of the tool and the workpiece during generating grinding or honing, which relationship can be described mathematically, the process parameters described in more detail above for the machining can be determined mathematically via this relationship.
    The present invention further comprises a computer program product with an input function for entering data on a desired modification of the workpiece and with a function for determining the macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of action of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c in such a way that the modification of the tool along a line G1, on which the contact point moves when machining the workpiece on the tool, the desired modification of the workpiece along a Line G2, on which the contact point moves on the workpiece, corresponds.
    In particular, the computer program product can be suitable for installation on a gear cutting machine or be installed on such a machine. In particular, the parameters determined by the computer program can then be used directly to control the gear cutting machine when dressing and / or machining a workpiece.
    However, the computer program product can also be installed on an external computer. It then advantageously has an output function for data which can be used to control a gear cutting machine.
    In particular, the computer program product is structured in such a way that it implements the functions of the method according to the invention described above.
    In particular, the input function can be the input of data for the first direction (GC1) of the workpiece, in which the modification has a constant value, and / or for the function f (x), which shows the course of the modification in a second direction of the workpiece, which runs perpendicular to the first direction (GC1). defined, enable.
    The input function can also advantageously enable the input of data on the macro geometry of the tool and / or engagement line of the dressing tool and / or on the axial feed of the workpiece and / or on the shift movement of the tool, particularly preferably data on the macro geometry of the tool and for Line of action of the dressing tool and, if necessary, for the axial feed of the workpiece.
    Preferably, the computer program calculates the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c on the basis of the data entered.
    With the tool set or modified in this way, the workpieces can then be machined and the desired modification can be generated on the ground workpiece or an unwanted modification present on the workpiece can be measured and possibly also corrected by reversing the method. The workpieces can then be machined while grinding using the axial or diagonal method. State-of-the-art machining processes are used for honing.
    As tools which are modified according to the invention, both single-use and multi-use tools come into consideration. In particular, the tools are a grinding worm or a honing tool.
    Some relationships and procedures which are used in the present invention are now shown again generally below.
    In the axial grinding process, the tool movement occurs parallel to or approximately to the workpiece axis of the workpiece. The structure of the flank surface that has been machined with a tool according to the invention is given a profile modification which remains almost the same in the width direction. This modification in the profile runs parallel to the tooth root and tooth tip.
    If the tool is additionally shifted in the direction of the tool axis, with this diagonal grinding method the profile modification is also offset obliquely on the flank across the width of the workpiece, depending on the engagement conditions. The course of the slope can be determined via the shift direction (with the rotation of the workpiece or in the opposite direction).
    The method can therefore further comprise the steps: specification of a desired alignment of the modification; and moving the grinding tool continuously in the axial direction of the workpiece and / or shifting the grinding tool tangentially to the workpiece in order to obtain the desired alignment of the flank modification.
    The tool is trued in that the dresser is fed more or less depending on the angular position of the tool or in which the tool is fed more or less towards the dresser depending on its angular position, or vice versa. Since the speed of the tool during dressing is currently usually lower than in the actual machining process, the dynamic demands on the infeed axis for the tool are not as high as if the infeed movement itself would take place during the machining process by a radial infeed of the tool towards the workpiece . This radial feed movement would then have to be controlled depending on the angular position of the tool.
    In the case of single-flank dressing, it is also conceivable to generate the feed movement via an additional axial movement in the axial direction of the tool, which takes place as a function of the tool angular position.
    In principle, however, with highly dynamic grinding machines it is also conceivable to generate movements with a roundly trued grinding tool by radial movements of the grinding tool towards the workpiece which correspond to movements of the tool surface of an eccentrically trued grinding tool. Possibly. An additional, second, highly dynamic feed axis, which sits on the first radial feed axis, could also be used to generate these radial movements.
    The method preferably further comprises the steps: specification of a desired modification; for producing a workpiece with the desired flank modification.
    The size of the feed movement or the modification of the tool in the feed direction is in the micrometer range, since the amounts of the modifications on the tooth flank are likewise only in the micrometer range.
    The invention further comprises a grinding tool for carrying out a method according to the invention, the tool being dressed in a modified manner at least in a partial area. The tool can have at least two different grinding areas, in particular at least one roughing area and at least one modified finishing area.
    The invention further comprises a gear cutting machine for performing the method according to the invention for modified dressing of a tool, in particular for dressing a tool according to the formulas given above. Furthermore, the gear cutting machine can be suitable for producing a workpiece according to the method according to the invention. It is particularly preferred if all methods can be carried out on the gear cutting machine in mutual coordination.
    The gear cutting machine can include an input function via which a desired modification can be specified and a control function which determines the modification required to provide the modification and sets it for hard finishing of a workpiece with the desired flank modification.
    The gear cutting machine can alternatively or additionally include an input function via which a desired modification can be specified.
    As an alternative or in addition, the gear cutting machine can have a function for generating a desired modification of the workpiece by means of a modified tool.
    The invention further comprises a gear cutting machine with a machining function which sets the depth of engagement of the tool in the workpiece as a function of the angle of rotation of the tool.
    The invention further comprises a gear cutting machine for dressing a hard fine machining tool, in particular a grinding worm or a honing tool, with a dressing tool, the gear cutting machine having a function for modified dressing of the tool, which advantageously determines the depth of engagement of the dressing tool in the tool depending on the tool -Angle of rotation adjusts.
    The modification according to the invention can also be referred to as an eccentric modification, and the dressing as an eccentric or non-circular dressing.
    Further advantages and properties of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to several drawings. Show it:<tb> Fig. 1: State-of-the-art <SEP> gear cutting machine<tb> Fig. 2: <SEP> workpiece profile of a workpiece machined with a tool without modification<tb> Fig. 3a: <SEP> workpiece profile of a workpiece axially ground with a tool with modification<tb> Fig. 3b: <SEP> Workpiece profile of a workpiece, ground diagonally with a tool with modification<tb> Fig. 4: <SEP> pitch path / wide diagram of the flank surface of a tooth with modifications (for example, waviness) that were generated using a dressing method according to the invention.<tb> Fig. 5: <SEP> modification (e.g. waviness) on the tooth flank at two defined angles to the straight line Gc
    FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a gear cutting machine, in particular a generating and profile grinding machine for carrying out the method according to the invention for producing a modification on a workpiece to be geared. The gear cutting machine has the necessary degrees of freedom for machining and can, in particular, execute the movements A1, B1, B3, C2, C3, C5, V1, X1, Z1 and Z4 shown. In detail, X1 describes the radial movement of the column carriage, V1 the tangential movement or shift movement of the tool, Z1 the axial movement of the tool in relation to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, B1 the rotational movement of the tool, C2 the rotational movement of the workpiece, A1 the pivoting movement of the tool, Z4 the vertical movement of the counter-holder, C3 the rotary movement of the ring loader, B3 the rotary movement of the dressing tool and C5 the pivoting angle of the dressing tool to change the pressure angle α on the grinding tool.
    FIG. 2 shows a perspective side view of the top of an individual tooth (1). The flank geometry is described by means of profile (P) and flank lines (F), the profile lines running on each flank side from the tooth tip (20) to the tooth root area (10). The flank lines (F) extend over the entire tooth width (b), i.e. across the alignment of the profile lines (P). A non-corrected, non-modified tooth of a workpiece is shown.
    FIG. 3a now shows a three-dimensional representation of a possible tooth flank structure of an individual tooth (1) of a gearwheel. The modification (for example a waviness) parallel to the flank direction occurs during a grinding process in which the tool modified according to the invention moves parallel to the axial direction of the workpiece.
    In the illustration, the course of the surface modification (for example a waviness) of the tooth flank compared to an ideally ground toothing without modification (dashed line) is entered. The flanks (F) and profile lines (P) defined in FIG. 3 are also marked for clarity. It can also be seen from the figure that the flank structure in the transverse direction, i.e. is constant over the entire tooth width (b), i.e. shows no change in this orientation. The change takes place exclusively from the tooth tip (20) to the tooth root (10).
    In the present invention, the modification of the tool is preferably carried out identically over the entire length of the tool. However, the shift movement has an influence on the alignment of the modification on the tooth flank.
    The macro-geometry of the tool, in particular the number and pitch of the threads and the pressure angle to the workpiece, have an impact on the modifications:<tb> <SEP> The method according to the invention can also be carried out as a diagonal grinding process in that a tangential movement (V1) of the grinding tool to the workpiece is also implemented during a grinding stroke. As shown in FIG. 3b, the result then shows the course of the modification on the flank obliquely in the direction of the flank width. There is a quasi propagation both in the longitudinal direction of the flank and in the transverse direction of the flank. The angle of propagation with respect to the longitudinal axis of the flank is determined by the tangential movement in (V1) direction.
    This offers the possibility of only modifying partial widths of the grinding worm and leaving the remaining area (s) uncorrected. For example only the finishing area, which determines the final workpiece quality, can be corrected. The roughing area of the grinding worm remains in the uncorrected version.
    As a grinding tool within the meaning of the invention, dressable grinding worms made e.g. Ceramic-bonded corundum, SG or dressable CBN tools are provided. The use of electroplated CBN tools would also be conceivable if these tools are modified accordingly. These tools would then have a longer service life, but could no longer be changed as flexibly.
    Fig. 4 shows a rolling path width diagram of a tooth flank that was machined with a hard fine machining tool, which was modified in its surface during the dressing / profiling process with the aim of surface modifications (for example, waviness) on the tooth flank according to the invention produce
    5 shows the surface profile on the tooth flank at two defined angles to the straight line Gc.
    The present invention is also described by the following further aspects for eccentric dressing of the tool:<tb> 1. <SEP> Method for producing a workpiece with corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure, in particular by a hard fine machining process, in particular by generating grinding or honing, characterized in that,that by means of a targeted eccentricity of the tool, a modification, in particular a profile modification or waviness, is generated on the flank of the toothing of the workpiece machined with it.<tb> 2. <SEP> method according to aspect 1, wherein the tool for generating the targeted eccentricity during dressing and / or profiling is non-circularly dressed, and / or using the targeted eccentricity of the tool that a defined eccentricity is achieved, especially in the diagonal grinding process , preferably periodic flank waviness is generated on the active surface of the workpiece processed therewith.<tb> 3. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the tool is dressed non-circularly by means of a forming roller.<tb> 4. <SEP> Method according to aspect 3, wherein the form roller is in contact with the tooth of the tool during dressing from the foot area to the head area, so that the eccentric modification takes place over the entire tooth height in one stroke or alternativelyDuring dressing, the form roller is only in contact with the tooth of the tool in partial areas between the foot and head, so that the eccentric modification takes place over the entire tooth height in several strokes and each time with different relative positioning of the dresser.<tb> 5. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects, whereby the eccentric dressing of the tool takes place by making one or more of the following corrections to the axis movements compared to the conventional dressing kinematics:<tb> <SEP> a) <SEP> Variation of the center distance of the dresser to the tool depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (infeed)<tb> <SEP> b) <SEP> Variation of the axial feed of the tool or the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (shifting)<tb> <SEP> c) <SEP> Variation of the cross axis angle of the tool and the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (swiveling)<tb> <SEP> d) <SEP> Variation of the tool speed depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width<tb> <SEP><SEP> and / or where the eccentric dressing of the tool takes place in that the dresser is fed more or less depending on the angular position of the tool or by the tool being fed more or less towards the dresser depending on its angular position, or vice versa.<tb> 6. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the desired modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear flank in the rolling pattern has a constant value at least locally in a first direction (GC2) of the workpiece and in a second direction of the workpiece , which runs perpendicular to the first direction (GC2), is given by a function f (x),and the modification of the surface geometry of the tool in the rolling pattern used to produce this modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece preferably has a constant value at least locally in a first direction (GC1) of the tool and furthermore preferably in a second direction of the tool which is perpendicular to the first direction (GC1) is given by the same function f (cx), possibly linearly compressed by a factor c,being preferredthe desired modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear wheel flank in the rolling pattern at the rolling length position L2 and the face width position b2 at least locally by the formula:f (2 * pi / lambda2 * cos (psi2) * L2 - 2 * pi / lambda2 * sin (psi2) * b2)where the angle psi2 indicates the direction (GC2) on the gear flank where the modification has a constant value, while the modification in every other direction is in the form of f (), where lambda2 with a periodicity of f () over 2 * pi defines the wavelength of the modification in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (GC2) andbeing preferredthe modification of the surface geometry of the tool used for this in the rolling pattern at the rolling length position L1 and the face width position b1 at least locally by the formula:f (2 * pillambda1 * cos (psi1) * L1- 2 * pi / lambda1 * sin (psi1) * b1)where the angle psi1 indicates the direction (GC1) on the tool flank in which the modification has a constant value, while the modification along any other direction is in the form of f (), where lambda1 with a periodicity of f () over 2 * pi defines the wavelength of the modification in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (GC1),and / or wherein preferably the first direction (GC1) of the tool, in which the modification has a constant value, corresponds to the line of engagement of the dressing tool, in particular a forming roller, with the tool during dressing, this direction preferably being approximated at least locally by a straight line G1 ,being preferredthe first direction (GC2) of the tool, in which the modification has a constant value, corresponds to the line of engagement of the dressing tool, in particular a form roller, with the tool during dressing.<tb> 7. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the modifications generated by the method are used to compensate for undesired deviations and / or waviness of the surface of the workpiece, in particular deviations and / or waviness of the surface of the To eliminate workpiece that are caused by inaccuracies in the machine mechanics and / or by the machine dynamics and / or by inadequate balancing quality.<tb> 8. <SEP> method according to one of the preceding aspects,with the following steps: specification of a desired amplitude of the periodic edge modification; and targeted setting of an eccentricity and / or tool modification when dressing the tool to produce a workpiece with the desired flank modification and / orwith the following steps: specification of a desired alignment of the periodic edge modification; and moving the tool continuously in the axial direction of the workpiece and / or shifting the tool tangentially to the workpiece in order to obtain the desired alignment of the flank modification.<tb> 9. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of engagement of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c so selected so that the modification of the tool along a line G1, on which the point of contact moves when machining the workpiece on the tool, corresponds to the desired modification of the workpiece along a line G2, on which the point of contact moves on the workpiece,being preferredWith a given macro geometry of the tool and the line of action of the dressing tool, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected accordingly,wherein the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are furthermore preferably selected accordingly for a given axial feed of the workpiece.<tb> 10. <SEP> method according to aspect 9, wherein the macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of engagement of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are selected in this way that the modifications of the tool and the workpiece also correspond along lines G1 'and G2' on which the contact points move when machining the same tooth of the workpiece with the same gear of the tool at a later point in time of the machining process Lines due to the axial feed of the workpiece and possibly due to the shifting of the tool are shifted from the lines G1 and G2,being preferredWith a given macro geometry of the tool and the line of action of the dressing tool, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected accordingly,wherein the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are furthermore preferably selected accordingly for a given axial feed of the workpiece.<tb> 11. <SEP> Method for dressing and / or profiling a tool, the tool being dressed non-circularly so that a targeted eccentric movement of the tool can be generated, through which a defined periodic flank waviness is achieved on the active surface of the workpiece processed with it , in particular to provide a tool for a method according to one of the preceding aspects.<tb> 12. <SEP> tool, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the tool is non-circularly dressed at least in a partial area, the tool advantageously having at least two different machining areas, in particular at least one roughing area and at least a non-circularly dressed finishing area.<tb> 13. <SEP> gear cutting machine for dressing a grinding worm with a dressing tool, in particular a gear cutting machine for carrying out a method according to the preceding aspects, characterized in that the gear cutting machine has a function for non-circular dressing of a tool, in particular a grinding worm, which advantageously has the Sets the depth of engagement of the dressing tool in the tool depending on the angle of rotation of the grinding worm.<tb> 14. <SEP> gear cutting machine, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding aspects, in particular gear cutting machine according to aspect 13, with a function for generating a desired modification of the workpiece by means of an eccentrically trued tool, the gear cutting machine advantageously having an input function, via which a desired amplitude of the periodic flank modification can be specified and includes a control function which determines the eccentricity required to provide the flank modification and sets it for grinding a workpiece with the desired flank modification.<tb> 15. <SEP> Computer program, in particular for installation on a gear cutting machine and / or with an output function for data for use on a gear cutting machine, with an input function for inputting data on a desired modification of the workpiece and with a function for determining the Macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of action of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c in such a way that the modification of the tool along a line G1 on which the The point of contact when machining the workpiece on the tool corresponds to the desired modification of the workpiece along a line G2 on which the point of contact moves on the workpiece, the functions preferably implementing a method according to one of the preceding aspects.
    Aspects for the production of a workpiece with corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure:<tb> 1. <SEP> method for the production of a workpiece with corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure, in particular by a hard fine machining process, in particular by generating grinding or honing,characterized,that by means of targeted generation of an eccentricity of the tool it is achieved that a modification, in particular a profile modification or waviness and / or a defined periodic flank waviness, is generated on the active surface of the workpiece processed with it.<tb> 2. <SEP> method according to aspect 1, wherein the tool for generating the targeted eccentricity during dressing and / or profiling is non-circularly dressed, and / or wherein the targeted eccentricity of the tool achieves a defined, preferably periodic Flank waviness is preferably created in the diagonal grinding process on the active surface of the workpiece processed with it,wherein the forming roller is furthermore preferably in contact with the tooth of the tool during dressing from the foot area to the head area, so that the eccentric modification takes place over the entire tooth height in one stroke or alternativelyDuring dressing, the form roller is only in contact with the tooth of the tool in partial areas between the foot and head, so that the eccentric modification takes place over the entire tooth height in several strokes and each time with different relative positioning of the dresser.<tb> 3. <SEP> method according to one of the aspects 1 or 2, whereby the eccentric dressing of the tool takes place by making one or more of the following corrections of the axis movements to the conventional dressing kinematics:<tb> <SEP> a) <SEP> Variation of the center distance of the dresser to the tool depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (infeed)<tb> <SEP> b) <SEP> Variation of the axial feed of the tool or the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (shifting)<tb> <SEP> c) <SEP> Variation of the cross axis angle of the tool and the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width (swiveling)<tb> <SEP> d) <SEP> Variation of the tool speed depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool width<tb><SEP> <SEP> and / or where the eccentric dressing of the tool takes place in that the dresser is more or less advanced depending on the angular position of the tool or in that the tool is more or less towards the dresser depending on its angular position , is delivered or vice versa.<tb> 4. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects 1-3, wherein the desired modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear flank in the rolling pattern has a constant value at least locally in a first direction (GC2) of the workpiece and in a second The direction of the workpiece, which runs perpendicular to the first direction (GC2), is given by a function f (x),and the modification of the surface geometry of the tool in the rolling pattern used to produce this modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece preferably has a constant value at least locally in a first direction (GC1) of the tool and furthermore preferably in a second direction of the tool which is perpendicular to the first direction (GC1) is given by the same function f (cx), possibly linearly compressed by a factor c,being preferredthe desired modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear wheel flank in the rolling pattern at the rolling length position L2 and the face width position b2 at least locally by the formula:f (2 * pi / lambda2 * cos (psi2) * L2- 2 * pi / lambda2 * sin (psi2) * b2)where the angle psi2 indicates the direction (GC2) on the gear flank where the modification has a constant value, while the modification in every other direction is in the form of f (), where lambda2 with a periodicity of f () over 2 * pi defines the wavelength of the modification in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (GC2) andbeing preferredthe modification of the surface geometry of the tool used for this in the rolling pattern at the rolling length position L1 and the face width position b1 at least locally by the formula:f (2 * pi / lambda1 * cos (psi1) * L1- 2 * pi / lambda1 * sin (psi1) * b1)where the angle psi1 indicates the direction (GC1) on the tool flank in which the modification has a constant value, while the modification along any other direction is in the form of f (), where lambda1 with a periodicity of f () over 2 * pi defines the wavelength of the modification in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (GC1),and / or wherein preferably the first direction (GC1) of the tool, in which the modification has a constant value, corresponds to the line of engagement of the dressing tool, in particular a forming roller, with the tool during dressing, this direction preferably being approximated at least locally by a straight line G1 .<tb> 5. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects 1-4, wherein the macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of engagement of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the Compression factor c can be chosen so that the modification of the tool along a line G1, on which the contact point moves when machining the workpiece on the tool, the desired modification of the workpiece along a line G2, on which the contact point moves on the workpiece , corresponds to,being preferredWith a given macro geometry of the tool and the line of action of the dressing tool, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected accordingly,the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are furthermore preferably selected accordingly for a given axial feed of the workpiece,being preferredthe macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of engagement of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are chosen so that the modifications of the tool and the workpiece are also along lines G1 'and G2' correspond to which the contact points move when machining the same tooth of the workpiece with the same gear of the tool at a later point in the machining process, these lines being caused by the axial feed of the workpiece and possibly by the shifting of the tool opposite the lines G1 andG2 are shifted,being further preferredWith a given macro geometry of the tool and the line of action of the dressing tool, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected accordingly,wherein the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are furthermore preferably selected accordingly for a given axial feed of the workpiece.<tb> 6. <SEP> Method for dressing and / or profiling the tool whereby the tool is dressed non-circularly so that a targeted eccentricity movement of the tool can be generated, through which a defined periodic flank waviness on the active surface of the workpiece processed with it, especially in the diagonal grinding process is achieved, in particular for providing a tool for a method according to one of the preceding aspects 1-5.<tb> 7. <SEP> Process for the production of a workpiece with corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure, in particular by hard fine machining, in particular by generating grinding, with the depth of engagement of the grinding worm in the workpiece depending on the angle of rotation of the Tool, in particular the grinding worm, is changed, in particular is changed periodically.<tb> 8. <SEP> Method according to one of the preceding aspects 1-7, characterized in that the modifications generated by the method are used to compensate for undesired deviations and / or undulations of the surface of the workpiece, in particular deviations and / or to eliminate undulations on the surface of the workpiece that are caused by inaccuracies in the machine mechanics and / or by the machine dynamics and / or by inadequate balancing quality.<tb> 9. <SEP> method for hard finishing of a workpiece with a corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure according to one of the preceding aspects 1 - 8,with the following steps: specification of a desired frequency of the periodic edge modification; and modification of the pressure angle αn0 on the tool to produce a workpiece with the desired flank modification.and orwith the following steps: specification of a desired alignment of the periodic edge modification; and moving the tool continuously in the axial direction of the workpiece and / or shifting the tool tangentially to the workpiece in order to obtain the desired alignment of the flank modification.<tb> 10. <SEP> Tool for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding aspects 1-9, characterized in that the tool is trued non-circularly at least in a partial area, the tool advantageously having at least two different machining areas, in particular at least one roughing area and at least one non-circularly dressed finishing area.<tb> 11. <SEP> gear cutting machine for carrying out the method according to one of aspects 1 to 9, the gear cutting machine advantageously having an input function via which a desired amplitude of the periodic flank modification can be specified and a control function which sets the eccentricity required to provide the flank modification and / or an input function via which a desired eccentricity can be specified and an input function via which a pressure angle αn0 and / or a modification of the pressure angle αn0 can be specified and a control function which can be used to specify and / or set an input function for grinding a workpiece with the desired flank modification sets the desired pressure angle αn0 on the tool for grinding a workpiece with the desired flank modification, and / or with a function for generating a desired modification of the workpiece by means of an eccentrically trued tool,being preferredthe gear cutting machine has a machining function that sets the depth of engagement of the grinding worm in the workpiece as a function of the angle of rotation of the grinding worm.<tb> 12. <SEP> gear cutting machine for dressing a grinding worm with a dressing tool, in particular gear cutting machine according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the gear cutting machine has a function for non-circular dressing of the grinding worm, which advantageously the depth of engagement of the dressing tool in the grinding worm Depending on the angle of rotation of the grinding worm.<tb> 13. <SEP> Computer program product, in particular for installation on a gear cutting machine and / or with an output function for data for use on a gear cutting machine, with an input function for inputting data on a desired modification of the workpiece and with a function for determining the Macro geometry of the tool and / or the line of action of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c in such a way that the modification of the tool along a line G1 on which the The point of contact when machining the workpiece on the tool corresponds to the desired modification of the workpiece along a line G2 on which the point of contact on the workpiece moves, the functions preferably implementing a method according to one of the preceding aspects 1-10.
    The present invention relates to any machining method and in particular to generating grinding and gear honing. The only difference between the two processes is the cross-axis angle between the tool and the workpiece.
    In hobbing, this is usually of the order of around 90 ° ± 5 °, in honing it is usually between 5 and 25 ° and lower cutting speeds.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. A method for machining a workpiece by means of a tool for generating a modification of the surface geometry of the active surface of the workpiece, in particular by a hard fine machining process, in particular by generating grinding or honing,characterized,that by means of a targeted modification of the surface geometry of the tool, a modification of the surface geometry of the active surface of the workpiece machined with it is generated, the modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear wheel flank in the rolling pattern having a constant value in a first direction (GC1) of the workpiece and in a second direction (GC2) of the workpiece, which runs perpendicular to the first direction (GC1), is given by a function f (x),and the modification of the surface geometry of the tool in the rolling pattern used to produce this modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece has a constant value in a first direction (GC1) of the tool and in a second direction (GC2) of the tool which is perpendicular to the first direction (GC1) runs, by the same, optionally linearly compressed by a factor c, function f (cx) is given.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tool for generating the targeted modification during dressing is dressed in a modified manner, the tool preferably being dressed in a modified manner by means of a form roller used as a dresser,wherein the forming roller is furthermore preferably in contact with the tooth of the tool during dressing from the foot area to the head area, so that the modification takes place over the entire tooth height in one stroke or alternativelyDuring dressing, the form roller is only in contact with the tooth of the tool in partial areas between the foot and head, so that the modification takes place over the entire tooth height in several strokes and each time with different relative positioning of the form roller.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the targeted modification is generated on the tool by making one or more of the following corrections to the axis movements of the dressing kinematics:a) Variation of the center distance of the dresser to the tool depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool widthb) Variation of the axial feed of the tool or the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool widthc) Variation of the cross axis angle of the tool and the dresser depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool widthd) Variation of the tool speed depending on the tool rotation angle or the tool widthThe modified dressing of the tool according to variant a) preferably takes place in that the dresser is advanced more or less depending on the angular position of the tool or by the tool being advanced more or less towards the dresser depending on its angular position, or vice versa.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the desired modification of the surface geometry of the workpiece on the gear flank in the rolling pattern at the rolling length position L2 and the tooth width position b2 by the function:f (2 * pi / lambda2 * cos (psi2) * L2 - 2 * pi / lambda2 * sin (psi2) * b2)is defined, where the angle psi2 indicates the second direction (GC2) on the gear flank on which the modification has a constant value, while the modification in every other direction has the form of f (),in whichthe modification of the surface geometry of the tool used for this in the rolling pattern at the rolling length position L1 and the face width position b1 at least locally by the formula:f (2 * pi / lambda1 * cos (psi1) * L1- 2 * pi / lambda1 * sin (psi1) * b1)is defined, where the angle psi1 indicates the first direction (GC1) on the tool flank where the modification has a constant value, while the modification along any other direction has the form of f (),and wherein the first direction (GC1) of the tool, in which the modification has a constant value, preferably corresponds to the line of engagement of the dressing tool, in particular a forming roller, with the tool during dressing.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the modification is a ripple, wherein in a method according to claim 4 the function f () is preferably periodic, preferably lambda2 with a periodicity of f () above 2 * pi the wavelength of the modification in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (GC1) and wherein lambda1 furthermore preferably defines the wavelength of the modification in a direction perpendicular to the first direction (GC1) given a periodicity of f () over 2 * pi.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein with a given macro-geometry of the tool and line of action of the dressing tool, the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c are selected so that the modification of the tool along a line G1, on which the contact point moves when the workpiece is being machined on the tool, corresponds to the desired modification of the workpiece along a line G2 on which the contact point moves on the workpiece, furthermore preferably with the given axial feed of the workpiece the shift Movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c can be selected accordingly.
    [7]
    7. A method for machining a workpiece by means of a tool for generating a modification of the surface geometry of the active surface of the workpiece, in particular by hard fine machining, in particular by generating grinding, the depth of engagement of the tool in the workpiece depending on the angle of rotation of the tool when machining the workpiece , in particular the grinding worm, is changed, in particular is changed periodically.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,with the following steps: specification of a desired alignment of the modification; and moving the tool continuously in the axial direction of the workpiece and / or shifting the tool tangentially to the workpiece in order to obtain the desired alignment of the modification.
    [9]
    9. Gear cutting machine for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the gear cutting machine has an input function, via which a desired modification can be specified, and a control function which determines the tool modification required to provide the modification and generates it on the tool during dressing, includes.
    [10]
    10. Gear cutting machine for performing the method according to claim 7, wherein the gear cutting machine comprises a machining function which sets the depth of engagement of the tool in the workpiece as a function of the angle of rotation of the tool.
    [11]
    11. Gear cutting machine for dressing a grinding worm or a honing tool, with a dressing tool, wherein the gear cutting machine is in particular a gear cutting machine according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the gear cutting machine has a function for modified dressing of the tool, which is a modification of the surface geometry of the tool according to claim 1, the function preferably setting the depth of engagement of the dressing tool in the grinding worm as a function of the angle of rotation of the grinding worm.
    [12]
    12. Computer program product for installation on a gear cutting machine according to one of claims 9 or 11 and / or with an output function for data for use on a gear cutting machine according to one of claims 9 or 11, with an input function for entering data on a desired modification of the workpiece according to Claim 1 and with a function for determining the macro-geometry of the tool and / or the line of action of the dressing tool and / or the axial feed of the workpiece and / or the shift movement of the tool and / or the compression factor c in such a way that the modification of the tool according to claim 1 along a line G1, on which the contact point moves when machining the workpiece on the tool, corresponds to the desired modification of the workpiece according to claim 1 along a line G2 on which the contact point moves on the workpiece.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102012015846A1|2013-10-17|
    KR20140106486A|2014-09-03|
    CN107186288A|2017-09-22|
    KR102038860B1|2019-10-31|
    US10173278B2|2019-01-08|
    CH706396B1|2018-04-30|
    JP2017205871A|2017-11-24|
    CN107186288B|2019-05-28|
    CN103372688B|2017-07-28|
    US20130280990A1|2013-10-24|
    JP2013220530A|2013-10-28|
    US11253937B2|2022-02-22|
    KR101743990B1|2017-06-07|
    KR20130117680A|2013-10-28|
    CH706396A2|2013-10-31|
    CN103372688A|2013-10-30|
    JP6466523B2|2019-02-06|
    JP6181408B2|2017-08-16|
    US20190111505A1|2019-04-18|
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    法律状态:
    2020-09-30| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: LIEBHERR-VERZAHNTECHNIK GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LIEBHERR-VERZAHNTECHNIK GMBH, DE |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012007687|2012-04-17|
    DE102012015846A|DE102012015846A1|2012-04-17|2012-08-08|Method and device for hard finishing of modified gears|
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